Heart Disease and Cancer

What are the effects of cancer and its treatments on the heart?

Cancer and its treatments can have various effects on the heart, and these effects may depend on the type of cancer, the stage of the disease, and the specific treatments involved. Here are some potential effects:

1. Cardiotoxicity from Chemotherapy

Some chemotherapy drugs can have direct toxic effects on the heart muscle, leading to a condition known as cardiomyopathy.
Anthracyclines, such as doxorubicin, are known for their cardiotoxic effects. They can damage the heart muscle cells, potentially leading to heart failure.

2. Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy may affect the heart, especially if the treatment is directed toward the chest area. This can lead to inflammation of the heart tissue (pericarditis) or damage to the coronary arteries.
Long-term effects of radiation can increase the risk of coronary artery disease.

3. Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapies

Some newer cancer treatments, such as certain immunotherapies and targeted therapies, may have cardiovascular side effects. These can include inflammation of the heart, high blood pressure, or abnormal heart rhythms.

4. Hormonal Therapies

Hormonal therapies, commonly used in the treatment of breast and prostate cancers, can affect the cardiovascular system. For example, some breast cancer treatments that reduce oestrogen levels may impact cardiovascular health.

5. Bone Marrow Transplant

High-dose chemotherapy and radiation given before a bone marrow transplant can affect the heart. In some cases, it may lead to long-term cardiovascular complications.

6. Deconditioning and Physical Inactivity

Cancer and its treatments can lead to fatigue, muscle weakness, and a decrease in physical activity. Prolonged physical inactivity can contribute to cardiovascular issues.

7. Increased Risk of Blood Clots

Some cancer patients are at an increased risk of developing blood clots, which can affect the heart if they travel to the lungs (pulmonary embolism) or cause other circulatory issues.

Comprehensive Care Plan

It’s essential for individuals undergoing cancer treatment to have a comprehensive care plan that includes monitoring for cardiovascular complications. This may involve regular cardiac assessments, such as echocardiograms or cardiac MRI, and close collaboration between oncologists and cardiologists.

Additionally, lifestyle modifications, such as adopting a heart-healthy diet and exercise routine, may be recommended to mitigate cardiovascular risks. Patients should communicate any symptoms or concerns about their heart health to their healthcare team.

How should I look after my heart health if I have cancer or have been treated for cancer?

Cancer and its treatments can have various effects on the heart and cardiovascular system. It’s essential to prioritize heart health, especially during and after cancer treatment. Here are some general guidelines to help you look after your heart:

1. Regular Medical Check-ups

Schedule regular follow-up appointments with your oncologist and cardiologist. They can monitor your overall health and assess any potential cardiovascular risks associated with cancer treatment.

2. Cardiovascular Risk Assessment

Work with your cardiologist to assess your cardiovascular risk, considering factors such as age, family history, lifestyle, and the specific cancer treatment you received.

3. Healthy Diet

Adopt a heart-healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and low-fat dairy. Limit your intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, and sodium.

4. Regular Exercise

Engage in regular physical activity as recommended by your healthcare team. Exercise can help improve cardiovascular health, reduce fatigue, and enhance overall well-being.

5. Maintain a Healthy Weight

Achieve and maintain a healthy weight through a combination of balanced nutrition and regular physical activity.

6. Quit Smoking

If you smoke, quit. Smoking is a major risk factor for heart disease, and quitting can have significant benefits for both cardiovascular health and overall well-being.

7. Limit Alcohol Intake

If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. Limiting alcohol intake is important for heart health.

8. Manage Stress

Practice stress management techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, yoga, or other activities that help you relax. Chronic stress can negatively impact heart health.

9. Monitor Blood Pressure and Cholesterol

Regularly check your blood pressure and cholesterol levels. If they are high, work with your healthcare team to manage them effectively.

10. Follow Medication Guidelines

If your cancer treatment includes medications that may impact heart health, follow your healthcare team’s guidance regarding their use and any necessary monitoring.

11. Stay Informed

Educate yourself about the potential cardiovascular effects of your specific cancer and its treatment. Being informed allows you to actively participate in your healthcare decisions.